资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
小小消毒卡1米之内全覆盖 “消毒神器”到底有没有用?******
“消毒神器”到底有没有用?
阅读提示
近段时间,不少商家推出多种号称能“杀菌消毒防疫”的消毒产品,包括除菌消毒卡、蓝光雾化消毒枪、空气消毒机等,这些“消毒神器”到底有没有用引发关注。
除菌消毒卡、蓝光雾化消毒枪、空气消毒机……近期,不少商家推出多种号称能“杀菌消毒防疫”的“神器”,令消毒类产品销量大幅上涨。
在一些“消毒神器”的宣传中,“1米范围内,360度覆盖”“纳米级雾化,超远射程,无死角消杀”“紫外线杀菌,臭氧消毒,新冠灭杀率99.99%”……类似神乎其神的描述随处可见。这些消毒产品是确有奇效,还是商家为了宣传而徒而搞的噱头?对此,记者进行了调查。
小小消毒卡,1米之内全覆盖?
“黑科技高效防护,降低孩子在幼儿园、学校等公共场所交叉感染的概率。”在某电商平台,一款月销量过万的空气消毒卡在商品详情页宣称 “戴在身上,1米范围内,360度覆盖,杀菌消毒持久力达两个月”。销售同款空气消毒卡的另一商家则称其为除菌率为99.99%的“空气口罩”。
一些消费者出于给自己或家人增加一重安全保障的心态购买空气消毒卡。而消毒卡的防护效果究竟如何,却难以有直观判断。商品评论中,不少消费者表示“不知道有没有用,图个心理安慰”,更有消费者直言“就当‘智商税’了”。
中国家用电器研究院健康家电检测中心对空气消毒卡进行的一项除菌效果试验显示,每片消毒卡所含的二氧化氯气体发生剂在3克~15克之间,在大多数日常生活环境中,达不到杀菌消毒的有效浓度。3立方米的试验舱内,距离空气消毒卡远的地方除菌率仅有9.75%,距离近的地方除菌率也只有12.13%。
由中国科学技术协会、国家卫生健康委等主办的科学辟谣平台此前也发布文章,明确指出“二氧化氯贴片可以在身体周围形成一个‘保护屏障’,辅助拦截病毒感染”为谣言。
蓝光喷雾,双管齐下除病毒?
酒精、84消毒液这些常见的消毒产品,如何发挥出更大的功效?在一些售卖消毒喷雾枪的商家口中,将这些液体放入喷雾枪的水箱后,通过高压空气泵和雾化喷头喷射,便能实现纳米级雾化输出,阻断气溶胶传播路径。不仅如此,多数喷雾枪还增添了蓝光功能,可以辅助“杀菌消毒”。
“这款蓝光消毒枪的前端配备了一个紫外线消毒灯。”据了解,蓝光和紫外线本属不同概念,某些消毒枪的宣传中却故意混淆二者,将紫外线的消毒原理用于宣传蓝光消毒枪。“紫外线灯消毒作用时间需要30多分钟,喷壶上的消毒灯简直就是智商税”“这就是电动喷雾带了蓝色LED灯,要是想省力也能买”……对于蓝光消毒,不少消费者并不买账。
“‘蓝光消毒喷雾’是一种并不靠谱的概念,指望用这种产品上的蓝光杀灭新冠病毒难以实现。直射还可能对人的眼睛、皮肤等造成伤害,有比较大的安全隐患。”家电行业分析师梁振鹏说。
此外,如果使用消毒枪喷洒酒精,则可能更多一重安全风险。消防人员提醒,此时恰逢冬季,羽绒服、化纤材质等衣物易摩擦产生静电,大面积喷洒雾化后的酒精充分接触氧气,很容易被点燃起火,故选购、使用此类产品均需谨慎。
“空间防护盾”,家电新蓝海?
居家期间,“如何给家中空气杀菌消毒”成了消费者关注的问题。新的消费需求催生了家用消毒电器市场,以空气消毒机为代表的消毒家电日渐走俏。
紫外线消毒、臭氧消毒、光触媒消毒、等离子消毒……在对空气消毒机的产品介绍中,“空间防护盾”“防护无死角”是空气消毒机的宣传亮点所在。面对市场规模持续增长的空气消毒机,有分析认为,这将是家电行业的一片新蓝海。
不过,作为一种新兴产品,家用空气消毒机效果如何尚待市场检验,市面上产品质量良莠不齐。应按照消毒产品进行管理的空气消毒机,许多在上市销售前甚至未经过卫健委审核备案。
面对众多家电品牌纷纷入局消毒电器行业,中国家用电器商业协会秘书长张剑锋表示,尽管短期内这些产品确实能吸引消费者眼球,但若在国家或行业标准尚未明确的前提下夸大宣传,一旦产品达不到所宣传的效果,反倒会给品牌形象带来伤害,家电行业应本着规范有序的理念运行。
居家防疫,需多些科学和理性
在电商平台不少“消毒神器”的问答中,都有消费者有关产品“是否是智商税”的提问。而使用过的消费者对此也是体验迥异,有人认为有用,起码花钱买到了安全感;有人则认为全然无用。面对五花八门的“消毒神器”,如何才能不被收“智商税”?
梁振鹏认为,如果家用消毒电器号称能杀死新冠病毒,消费者可能要对宣传的真实性画一个问号,因为病毒本身在不断变异,很难确定某种消毒方式是否一直有效。至于“除菌率达99.99%”等宣传用语,也需要进一步解释说明去除的是哪些种类的细菌,刻意扩大概念可能涉及虚假宣传。
“从商家角度来讲,某一品类的消毒产品要想获得消费者信任,首先要保证产品质量,其次要遵守相关国家标准。另外,在营销层面也要谨慎宣传。如果一定要将消毒效果作为卖点,那么所宣传内容必须要以有资质的权威部门出具的检测证明为依据,不能夸大其词,欺骗、误导消费者。”张剑锋说,对消费者而言,居家防疫,也需要多些科学和理性。
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)