资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
【劳动者风采】执着创新的“钢铁玫瑰”****** 【劳动者风采】 执着创新的“钢铁玫瑰” ——记山东慧敏科技开发有限公司董事长周惠敏 光明日报记者 任欢 光明日报通讯员 郭晓飞 国务院政府特殊津贴专家,全国五一劳动奖章获得者,全国十大杰出职工、全国先进工作者、全国优秀科技工作者、全国三八红旗手……这是山东慧敏科技开发有限公司董事长周惠敏取得的荣誉。“其实我只是一名普通的钢铁女性。”她笑着说,自己从上大学与钢铁结缘,到工作后做钢铁科研,再到为钢铁发展下海创业,“能够一生与钢铁打交道,被称呼一声‘钢铁玫瑰’,我感到很自豪。” 1977年,为实现当科学家的梦想,周惠敏通过刻苦复习,顺利考入北京钢铁学院,成为金属材料专业的一名大学生。1982年,她大学毕业分配到济钢,后又调入山东省冶金科学研究院,做钢铁表面防腐研究。经过不懈努力,她完成了“金属表面涂刷型磷化”“稀土永磁材料防腐液”等20多个实用项目的研制。其中,1995年“涂刷型钢铁表面磷化技术”被选定为“九五”国家科技成果重点推广计划项目。 因实力突出,周惠敏1995年和1996年连续两次被国家海洋局极地办选定参加南极科考,担任长城站、中山站的防腐工程技术负责人和工程总指挥。“看到考察站经过多年侵蚀已经锈迹斑斑的样子,我心急如焚。”为此,不管是遭遇极端困难天气,还是多次在施工过程中病倒,她都咬牙坚持了下来。“南极的经历,不仅磨炼了我的意志,还让我坚定了要把自己的研究成果更好地产业化、更好地服务社会的决心。”周惠敏说。 2001年,周惠敏放弃“铁饭碗”,在济南高新区成立了山东慧敏科技有限公司,成为济钢控股的子公司。为进一步激发企业活力,她于2003年将公司改制为民营科技企业——山东慧敏科技开发有限公司,走上了执着创新的道路。 “要时刻保持创新意识,让技术创造更多价值!”带着这样的信念,党的十九大以来,周惠敏开始着力解决机械化施工过程中的难题。她带领公司科技骨干研制了新型自动浸涂机,该设备采用特制机械手旋转运行,由气缸带动机械手完成涂料浸蘸等操作。2020年4月,第一台自动浸涂机试制成功,并在宝钢湛江等高辐射覆层涂覆施工项目中得到应用。“结果显示,自动浸涂机不仅提高企业施工生产效率25%以上,还降低了劳动力需求,大大提高了劳动效率。”周惠敏说。 周惠敏表示,近年来,济南高新区产业工人队伍建设改革步入“快车道”,为产业工人队伍建设改革的落实落地提供了坚强保障,“慧敏科技也提出一系列激励举措,不仅完善了技能工人的待遇体系,还可以让技能人才与技术人才、管理人才同步成长”。 “刚柔并济,铮铮铁骨”这8个字,用来形容周惠敏再合适不过。她笑着说:“下一步,我将和公司全体成员一起,为祖国的钢铁事业作出更大的贡献。” 《光明日报》( 2023年01月12日 04版) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |